Oldest Houses in Europe

Europe is a continent that boasts an incredible wealth of history, with its story told not just through texts and traditions, but through its ancient buildings as well. Among these, some of the oldest houses in Europe offer a unique glimpse into the past, showcasing architectural innovations, historical lifestyles, and enduring craftsmanship.

This article explores ten of the oldest houses that have stood the test of time, each with a story to tell, and provides insights into these fascinating structures that continue to captivate and educate. As we journey from the rustic stone cottages of the British Isles to the elegant timber-framed houses of France, we encounter not only the architectural beauty they offer but also the historical tales that have unfolded within their walls.

Oldest Houses in Europe

1. The Stilt Houses of Ohrid, North Macedonia

Believed to date back to before the Bronze Age, the ancient stilts houses near Lake Ohrid in North Macedonia are considered among the earliest examples of human settlements in Europe. These remarkable structures, now underwater, were built on wooden stilts driven into the lake bed, suggesting an advanced level of woodworking and community organization for the time.

Divers and archaeologists have discovered pottery, bones, and tools around these sites, offering a fascinating insight into prehistoric life in Europe. Although visitors cannot enter these submerged homes, the finds displayed in the nearby museum provide a compelling narrative of the people who once lived above the tranquil waters of Lake Ohrid.

2. The Knap of Howar, Scotland

On the windswept island of Papa Westray in Orkney, Scotland, stands the Knap of Howar, considered to be the oldest preserved stone house in northern Europe. Dating back to 3700 BC, these Neolithic farmsteads offer a rare glimpse into ancient life. The structure consists of two dwellings, linked by a stone passageway, with thick stone walls that have stood for millennia.

Inside, hearths, stone beds, and other domestic features have been perfectly preserved, providing evidence of the daily lives of its ancient inhabitants. Today, these ancient homes are a testament to the durable construction methods of our Neolithic ancestors.

3. The Skara Brae, Scotland

Another remarkable example of Neolithic architecture is Skara Brae, located on the Bay of Skaill in the Orkney archipelago of Scotland. Uncovered by a storm in 1850, this prehistoric village dates back to approximately 3180 BC. The site consists of eight stone houses, linked together by low alleyways, and is renowned for its well-preserved state and advanced features, such as stone furniture and indoor plumbing systems.

Skara Brae offers an incredible insight into prehistoric life, with evidence suggesting a highly organized community with sophisticated social structures. It stands today as a powerful reminder of the long-standing human history that pervades Scotland’s rugged landscapes.

4. The Saltford Manor House, England

Regarded as the oldest inhabited house in England, the Saltford Manor House dates back to around 1148. Located in Somerset, this picturesque Norman dwelling showcases a mix of architectural styles that have evolved over the centuries. Its history is rich with tales of medieval knights, Tudor intrigue, and Georgian elegance, all within walls that have witnessed over 800 years of British history.

The house remains a private residence today, boasting original features such as stone mullioned windows and an ancient yew tree in the garden, believed to be as old as the house itself.

5. Anne Frank’s House, Amsterdam

While not ancient, Anne Frank’s House in Amsterdam represents a crucial piece of European history. The 17th-century building became a hiding spot for Anne Frank, her family, and four other Jewish people during World War II. Today, it serves as a museum, housing exhibitions on the persecution of Jews during the war, the Holocaust, and Anne’s famous diary, written whilst she hid from the Nazis.

The house stands as a poignant reminder of the atrocities of war but also the resilience of the human spirit. Visitors can explore the secret annex where Anne and her companions lived in hiding and reflect on the importance of tolerance and peace.

6. The Merchant’s House, Tewkesbury, England

The Merchant’s House in Tewkesbury, dating back to 1471, is an exemplary timber-framed building that illustrates the prosperity of the town during the late Middle Ages. This structure has been remarkably preserved, allowing visitors to step back in time and experience a medieval merchant’s home in England.

The house features original wooden beams, a massive fireplace for cooking and heating, and intricate carvings that display the wealth and status of its original owner.

Today, the building serves as a museum, showcasing medieval life through a collection of artifacts and period furnishings. The Merchant’s House is a testament to the enduring craftsmanship and architectural beauty of medieval England.

7. Provand’s Lordship, Glasgow, Scotland

Built in 1471, Provand’s Lordship is the oldest house in Glasgow and offers a rare opportunity to experience medieval Scotland. Originally part of a hospital, it served various roles before being restored to its former glory as a museum showcasing 17th-century furniture and artifacts.

The house is a beautifully preserved example of Scottish domestic architecture, with its thick stone walls, timber roof, and leaded windows transporting visitors to the time when Glasgow was a burgeoning medieval town. Provand’s Lordship stands as a significant piece of Glasgow’s history, offering insights into the social and architectural developments of the period.

8. The Anne of Cleves House, Lewes, England

The Anne of Cleves House in Lewes, Sussex, is a remarkable timber-framed Tudor house, awarded to Anne of Cleves by King Henry VIII as part of their divorce settlement. Dating back to the early 16th century, this house showcases the Tudor style of architecture with its timber frames, leaded glass windows, and large fireplaces.

Originally a farmhouse, it has been transformed into a museum, displaying furniture, artifacts, and exhibitions that tell the story of Tudor’s life and Anne’s brief marriage to the king. The house not only represents a pivotal moment in English history but is also an excellent example of Tudor residential architecture.

9. The Old House, Hereford, England

The Old House in Hereford is a beautifully preserved Jacobean timber-framed building, dating back to 1621. Once a butcher’s shop, it now serves as a museum dedicated to showcasing 17th-century life. Its original features, such as the oak paneling, carved wooden staircase, and period furnishings, provide a vivid picture of the domestic life of the time.

The house is notable for its architectural beauty, with its ornate gables, leaded windows, and distinctive black and white appearance. It stands as a testament to the city of Hereford’s rich history and is a focal point for visitors interested in experiencing England’s architectural and social past.

10. The Straw House, Paris

Nestled in the heart of Paris, The Straw House is not as ancient as the others on this list but is notable for being one of the oldest eco-friendly houses in the city, dating from the late 19th century. Built from natural and recycled materials, this house stood out as an innovative project at a time when industrialization was in full swing.

Its construction from straw bales provides excellent insulation, a technique that is regaining popularity in modern eco-friendly architecture. While it may lack the ancient pedigree of medieval timber houses or stone cottages, The Straw House represents an intriguing chapter in Paris’s architectural history, combining sustainability with urban living.

FAQs

What Makes These Houses so Significant?

Oldest houses are significant not just for their age but for the stories they tell about the people who built and lived in them. They offer insights into historical architecture, social hierarchies, daily lives in different eras, and the evolution of building materials and techniques. Visiting these houses provides a tangible connection to the past, offering a unique understanding of Europe’s rich cultural heritage.

How Have These Houses Been Preserved?

Preservation techniques vary, from meticulous restoration projects that match original materials as closely as possible to the use of modern technology to stabilize and protect these ancient structures. Preservation efforts often involve local and national heritage organizations and rely on both public and private funding.

The dedication to preserving these houses ensures that future generations can learn from and be inspired by these historical treasures.

Can Visitors Explore These Houses?

Many of the houses listed are open to the public, either as museums or as part of guided tours, offering an immersive experience into the past. However, some remain private residences or are only partially accessible to the public. Always check ahead for visitation rules and hours, as well as guided tour availability, to ensure the best possible experience.

Are There Other Similar Houses Across Europe?

While the houses listed are among the oldest, Europe is rich in historical architecture, with many countries boasting similarly ancient and fascinating buildings. From the trulli of Alberobello in Italy to the half-timbered houses of Alsace in France, there’s a wealth of architectural heritage to explore. Each country has its unique story to tell through its ancient buildings, contributing to the diverse tapestry of European history.

Conclusion

The oldest houses in Europe are timeless windows into the continent’s past, offering an invaluable glimpse into the lives of those who came before us. From Scotland’s Neolithic settlements to the eco-friendly innovations of Paris, these structures reflect the diversity, resilience, and evolution of European society. Whether as a casual visitor, a history enthusiast, or an architecture aficionado, exploring Europe’s oldest houses is a journey through the very heart of human civilization.