The study of history and the past is a tradition as ancient as civilization itself. Across millennia, many individuals have dedicated their lives to understanding, uncovering, and interpreting the events that shaped human societies. Amongst these historians, some have managed to not only contribute significantly to our understanding of the past but also to do so over a very long and productive life.
This article honors the oldest historians who have graced the world with their dedication, and unwavering quest for knowledge.
From ancient chroniclers to modern day scholars, we will explore the lives and legacies of twelve historians who spent the better parts of their venerable lives composing the annals of history.
Oldest Historians in the World
1. Herodotus of Halicarnassus
Often hailed as the “Father of History,” Herodotus was an ancient Greek historian who later in life saw many years. He composed “Histories,” a record of his “inquiries” into the origins and events of the Greco-Persian Wars. His work is the earliest surviving major prose to detail historical events and his attempt at providing a factual account sets him apart.
Even if not the oldest by age, Herodotus is certainly one of the earliest historians whose work has endured through time.
2. Sima Qian
Sima Qian was a Chinese historian of the Han dynasty known for his work, “Records of the Grand Historian.” He systematically chronicled Chinese history from the earliest times until his own day.
Sima Qian faced imprisonment and castration for defending an unpopular general, yet he persisted in his historical work. His dedication to history was both a personal sacrifice and a timeless gift to future generations.
3. Ibn Khaldun
Ibn Khaldun, an Arab scholar born in present-day Tunisia, is considered a forerunner of modern historiography and sociology. He authored the “Muqaddimah” (Introduction to History), which analyzes historical events through socioeconomic lenses. Remarkably insightful, he emphasized the importance of understanding the internal and external factors that influence societies.
Though he did not see extreme old age, his works have persisted for centuries, earning him a place among the oldest historians.
4. Francesco Guicciardini
An Italian historian and statesman, Guicciardini is renowned for his comprehensive “History of Italy.” His historiography is characterized by rigorous research and a critical approach to sources, akin to modern methodologies.
He lived to the age of 57, which was a respectable age given the life expectancy of his time. His writings provide valuable insights into the politics and society of Renaissance Italy.
5. Voltaire
The French Enlightenment philosopher, historian, and writer Voltaire was a prolific author with a long career. His historical works, such as “The Age of Louis XIV,” showcase his critical approach to history, penchant for social reform, and advocacy for civil liberties.
Living to the ripe age of 84, Voltaire remained intellectually active until the end of his life. His ideas and writings influenced not only history but also the future course of philosophy and social thought.
6. Edward Gibbon
Edward Gibbon, an English historian, is best known for his monumental work “The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.” His narrative style and critical analysis of primary sources mark a significant evolution in historical methodology.
Gibbon lived to be 56, leaving behind one of the most eminent historical works, which remains widely read and respected. His longevity is found in the continuing relevance and admiration of his work.
7. Leopold von Ranke
A German historian, Ranke is often associated with the scientific method in history due to his meticulous approach to primary sources. His aspiration for objectivity and empirical evidence reshaped historical scholarship. Living until 91, Ranke was indeed one of the oldest historians, and his influence persists in the field’s emphasis on primary data.
His legacy rests not only on the length of his life but also on the enduring methodological standards he introduced.
8. George Bancroft
This American historian and statesman achieved prominence with his comprehensive work, “History of the United States.” Bancroft’s historical narrative helped shape the national identity of an evolving nation.
He lived to be 91, witnessing almost a century of American growth and change. His contributions extend beyond history, as he also served as U.S. Secretary of the Navy, establishing the U.S. Naval Academy.
9. Theodor Mommsen
A German classical scholar, Mommsen’s contribution to historical study is colossal, particularly with his work, “History of Rome.” His detailed accounts and innovative methods won him the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1902.
He lived to 85, a testament to his enduring dedication to historical scholarship. His work continues to be a foundational text for students of Roman history.
10. Fernand Braudel
Fernand Braudel was a French historian and a leading figure of the Annales School of historiography. His approach focused on the long-term social and geographic structures that shape history.
Braudel lived until 83, spending his last years refining his craft and teaching future generations. His work on the Mediterranean and his methodological innovations mark a significant shift in historical analysis.
11. Eric Hobsbawm
A British historian known for his work on the rise of industrial capitalism, socialism, and nationalism, Hobsbawm’s influence is substantial. His series on the long 19th century, including “The Age of Revolution,” are landmark texts in historical literature.
Hobsbawm’s longevity saw him reach the age of 95, actively writing and engaging in scholarly debates through his final years. His Marxist approach adds a distinct interpretation to the sweep of modern history.
12. Bernard Lewis
An eminent British-American historian, Bernard Lewis specialized in Oriental and Middle Eastern studies. His extensive scholarship and publications spanning over 70 years gave him a reputation as a leading authority in his field.
Living to the age of 101, Lewis was perhaps the literal oldest historian in terms of lifespan among his modern peers. His works on Islamic culture and history continue to provoke discussion and debate.
FAQs
What defines a historian?
A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is an authority on history. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race, as well as the study of all history in time.
What methodologies do historians typically use?
Historians typically start with the historical method, which includes sourcing (finding and evaluating the sources of information), contextualization (placing information in the historical context), synthesis (bringing together diverse pieces of information to create a coherent narrative), and analysis/interpretation (understanding and explaining the causes, impacts, and patterns depicted in history).
How have historical perspectives and interpretations changed over time?
Historical interpretations have evolved significantly throughout the centuries as societal values change, new evidence emerges, and historians adopt different theoretical frameworks, such as Marxism, the Annales School, or post-modernism. This means that history is not static but is instead constantly revised and reassessed.
Why is studying history important?
Studying history is crucial for understanding the complexities of past events, divergent cultures, and human behavior. It allows us to learn from past mistakes, understand change and continuity within societies, appreciate cultural heritage, and shape informed citizens.
Do historians always agree on the interpretations of historical events?
No, historians often have differing opinions on historical interpretations due to various factors including their backgrounds, access to evidence, theoretical perspectives, and personal biases. This debate and discourse are essential aspects of historiography and help to advance the field.
Conclusion
The historians mentioned in this list represent but a few of those who have deeply influenced our understanding of the past. They stand as giants upon whose shoulders current and future historians stand.
Their accounts have transcended generations, cultures, and empires, enlightening us with wisdom that extends well beyond the years they had lived. Their scholarly rigors, methodologies, and perspectives have not just filled libraries but have also shaped nations, ideologies, and our global heritage.
As we pay homage to the dedication and accomplishments of these historians, we revere the role history plays in our lives. It’s through the study and understanding of history that we find meaning and context in our modern world.
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